Category: Humans

How AI is helping people cope with the loss of their loved ones

Losing a loved one is one of the most painful experiences that anyone can go through. The grief and longing can last for years, and sometimes it feels like there is no closure or comfort. But what if you could still talk to your deceased relative, hear their voice, and see their face? Thanks to advances in artificial intelligence (AI), this is becoming a reality for some people.

AI is a broad term that refers to any technology that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as understanding language, recognizing images, and generating content. In recent years, AI has been used to create realistic and interactive avatars of people who have passed away, using a combination of tools such as chatbots, image generators, and speech synthesizers.

One of the companies that offers this service is HereAfter AI, a California-based startup that creates “Life Story Avatars” of the deceased. The process involves interviewing the person while they are still alive, or their family and friends after they die, and recording their life stories and memories. Then, using a chatbot powered by ChatGPT, an AI model that can generate natural and coherent conversations, the company creates a digital replica of the person that can answer questions and chat with the users. The avatar can also speak in the recorded voice of the person, and show their face using an image generator called Midjourney.

The company’s goal is to let the living communicate with the dead, and preserve their legacy and memory. According to the company’s website, the Life Story Avatar can help users “reconnect with their loved ones, learn from their wisdom, and celebrate their lives”. The company claims that the technology can provide comfort and closure to the grieving, and help them cope with their loss.

Another example of using AI to recreate the deceased is Deep Nostalgia, a tool developed by MyHeritage, an online genealogy platform. The tool allows users to animate old family photos, and make them move and smile. The tool uses a deep learning algorithm called DeepFaceLab, which can manipulate facial expressions and movements. The tool is intended to bring old photos to life, and make them more engaging and emotional.

The tool has been widely popular, with millions of users uploading their photos and sharing the results on social media. Some users have used the tool to animate photos of their dead relatives, and see them in a new light. According to the company’s blog, the tool can help users “experience your family history like never before”.

However, not everyone is comfortable with the idea of using AI to create versions of their dead relatives. Some critics argue that the technology is unethical, creepy, or disrespectful to the dead. They also warn that the technology could have negative psychological effects on the users, such as prolonging their grief, creating false memories, or losing touch with reality. They also question the accuracy and authenticity of the AI-generated avatars, and whether they truly represent the personality and identity of the deceased.

Moreover, some people may not have given their consent to be recreated by AI, or may not have been aware of the implications of doing so. This raises ethical and legal issues, such as who owns the data and the rights to the digital replicas, and how they can be used or abused by others.

Therefore, using AI to create versions of their dead relatives is a controversial and complex topic, that involves both technological and human factors. While some people may find it helpful and healing, others may find it disturbing and harmful. Ultimately, it depends on the individual’s preferences, beliefs, and values, and how they choose to use the technology. As AI becomes more advanced and accessible, it is important to be aware of the benefits and risks of using it, and to respect the wishes and dignity of the dead and the living.

Smoking and Brain Damage

It’s long been known that the effects of smoking can be very harmful to your health. People who smoke cigarettes are at a higher risk of developing cancers, particularly lung cancer, but now scientists have also added dementia and Alzheimer’s disease to the long list of ailments.

“It is known that there are associations between smoking behavior and lower total brain volume and gray and white matter volumes,” reports the study in the Biological Psychiatry journal. “However, a significant question remains about whether these associations represent predisposing features for the risk of developing cigarette smoking or are consequences of cigarette smoking.”

As a result of analyzing data on brain scans and genetic risk factors they concluded that daily smoking led to smaller brains, and that the decrease in brain matter loss is directly related to the volume of smoking – i.e. heavy smokers had greater brain matter loss. And worse still – the more years someone smokes the more brain volume is lost forever.

“You can’t undo the damage that has already been done, but you can avoid causing further damage,” said Yoonhoo Chang, one of the authors of the study. “Smoking is a modifiable risk factor. There’s one thing you can change to stop aging your brain and putting yourself at increased risk of dementia, and that’s to quit smoking.”

When you add in the fact that brains naturally shrink over time, a smoker’s brain prematurely ages, increasing the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s. After looking at the data, the researchers of the paper estimate that a massive 14% of all global Alzheimer’s cases could be caused by cigarette smoking.

This research supports the evidence by a group of geneticists in Denmark’s Aarhus University who found clear data that smoking actually lead to mental disorders. What had been unclear up to then was whether smoking caused the mental illness or whether people smoked because they already had a mental illness.

However, the Danish researchers also suggested an additional piece of information. Most of the smokers they looked at carried a “smoking-related gene” which seems to make certain people more predisposed to smoking, who then also develop mental illness. Meaning, some people are genetically more likely to smoke than others.

“The people in the data set who carried the smoking-related genes but did not smoke were less likely to develop mental disorders compared to those who carried the genes and smoked. Because the genetic variants also seem to be linked with the risk of mental illness, this used to be a bit blurry. But in this study, we demonstrate that it’s probable that the risk of starting to smoke causes the risk of developing mental disorders to increase due to the ‘smoking-related genes.’”

Whatever the reason to start smoking, there are many more reasons to stop smoking as soon as possible.

Humanoid Robot Factory

A factory that aims to create 10,000 robots per year that can walk and work for companies like Amazon will soon be opening in the Pacific Northwest. Agility Robotics plans to move from its current factory in Oregon to a new, much larger, plant in Salem. Dubbed the “RoboFab” plant, Agility Robotics will become one of the largest producers of robotics in the United States.

“We’ve placed a very high priority on just getting robots out there as fast as possible,” Agility Robotics CEO Damion Shelton explained. “Our big plan is that we want to get to general-purpose humanoids as soon as we can.”

Amazon is currently testing Agility Robotics “Digit” model in its factories. Agility is part of the Amazon Industrial Innovation Fund and has been developing Digit for several years. Digit is a human-centric, multi purpose robot created for logistics work. It can handle items and is similar in size to its human colleagues. Initially its role will be to complete the monotonous and highly repetitive process of picking up and moving empty totes, and not (currently) to replace the Amazon workforce.

“Digit’s size and shape are well-suited for buildings that are designed for humans, and we believe that there is a big opportunity to scale a mobile manipulator solution,” said Emily Vetterick, Amazon Director of Engineering. “Collaborative robotics solutions like Digit support workplace safety and help Amazon deliver to customers faster, while creating new opportunities and career paths for our employees.”

To date, Agility has only produced 100 robots, but the move to the new RoboFab plant will enable the company to fill the growing backlog for Digit and scale up production dramatically.

Where this will leave human workers as the development of humanoids increases, we don’t know, although Amazon has attempted to comfort workers by claiming that the 750,000 robots it uses, generated 700 new jobs for humans.

On the other side of the world China is also encouraging its private sector to rapidly increase facilities and output of humanoid robots to become the world leader by 2027. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the following statement asking the manufacturing sector to “establish a humanoid robot innovation system, make breakthroughs in several key technologies and ensure the safe and effective supply of core components by 2025, and to become the global leader in the tech by 2027.”

In addition it requested development of the “brain,” “cerebellum,” and “limbs” of humanoid robots aided by Artificial Intelligence capabilities, that could be used in “harsh” or dangerous conditions, not just as support in factories.

The mass production of humanoids is bringing the age of the robot closer, and as their uses become more obvious in areas outside of the factory, could the human race eventually become unemployed? Could it become threatened by a humanoid military, particularly if AI is built into it?

Leprosy: The Return

When you mention the medical condition Leprosy your mind will naturally think back in time to a period in history when living conditions were poor and life expectancy was limited. Leprosy is a bacterial infection than damages nerves, lungs, skin and eyes, and is well known by the dramatic loss of fingers, arms or legs through uncontrolled infection and wounds. Leprosy still occurs globally, with India accounting for more than half of the diagnosed cases. In some areas of India, China, Thailand, and parts of Africa, Leper colonies are still used to restrict movement and contain Leprosy. Fortunately most people are cured of Leprosy today through drug therapy, and interestingly there are also groups of people who are genetically less likely to contract the infection even if exposed to it.

The social spread and mortality was greatest during the Middle Ages, resulting in segregation and leper asylums. Even as recent as 1983 the Indian government introduced the National Leprosy Elimination Programme to tackle the problem. Until 2019, an Indian could even petition for divorce based on a spouse’s diagnosis.

The last place you might expect to hear of Leprosy cases surging is in Florida. Leprosy has now been classed as Endemic in the state, meaning it’s consistently present but limited to that specific area, just like Malaria is. Florida now accounts for 81% of all Leprosy cases in the US.

“Several cases in central Florida demonstrate no clear evidence of zoonotic exposure or traditionally known risk factors,” the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wrote in their report, adding that data suggests that “leprosy has become an endemic disease process in Florida.”

The south east region of America has seen the number of cases double over the last decade, and according to the CDC it appears that people are not catching the bacterial infection through the normal routes of exposure to disease carrying animals or travelers. Conclusions from the CDC seem to suggest that the cases they’ve looked into tend to be occurring in patients who are spending long periods of time outdoors and think there may be a link to “environmental reservoirs” as a potential source of the bacteria, which can be found in soil, water and vegetation.

But why now? Could the increasing global temperatures or the reintroduction of bacteria once frozen in the thawing Siberian permafrost, be contributing factors?

Shrinking Populations

With the world’s population hitting the 8 billion point recently, it’s easy to think that the human race is continuing to grow and expand at an uncontrolled rate, absorbing land, exploiting the Earth’s resources, polluting the sea and air, and taking us to an inevitable point of mutual destruction. But, that’s not necessarily true – at least not for every part of the planet.

Surprisingly Japan’s population has been dropping year on year, and it’s getting so bad it’s created an internal crisis that could have devastating effects on the country. During 2022, the total number of Japanese residents fell by more than 800,000 in just one year. This follows thirteen years of continual population contraction. Other figures released by the Ministry of Internal Affairs also highlighted the increasing death rate of over 1.56 million on top of only 771,000 births – the lowest since records began.

Life expectancy is high in Japan, but coupled with low fertility rates, which is also seen in many other east Asian countries too, Japan is seeing a rapidly aging population. In order to balance a stable population Japan needs approximately two births per woman, but the fertility rate is currently only 1.3 births.

As the population gets older, so does the workforce, which also slowly starts to decline, resulting in disastrous implications for almost all areas of the economy. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has even been stated saying that “Japan is standing on the verge of whether it can continue to function as a society.” The number of schools closing in rural areas has increased rapidly while the number of small businesses are stuck with aged owners and no one to take them over.

There are ways to counter a declining population. The simplest is to relax immigration rules, allowing workers from other countries to settle and work, which Japan has done, however that has still not had the desired effect. The number of foreign residents hit a record high recently, but that was still not sufficient to balance the declining population.

Japan is not the only country in the world where the decrease in population is becoming significant. The number of people living in Europe has been declining since 2020 for much the same reason – longer life expectancy and decreasing birth rates. This immediate decline could also be as a result of the COVID pandemic disproportionately increasing the number deaths. China’s population also fell for the first time in 2022 since the 1960’s.

Scientists and researchers now believe that instead of persistent exponential global population growth, the numbers might stabilize around 2100 before consistently falling. That could be a good thing, but could also create one of the biggest social problems for humanity.

Virgin Births

Recently we heard stories about a captive crocodile that had given birth to a baby despite never coming into contact with a male crocodile to create a viable fertilized embryo. Although the baby was stillborn, it shared virtually all DNA with the mother, confirming its single parent origin. Could this be part of a new phase of evolution in the animal kingdom – in order to survive, even in captivity, could they adapt to still produce the next generation without the normal reproductive processes? I suppose, only time will tell if we eventually hear of a successful virgin birth.

Never to be outdone – humans are at it too!!! While the process of fertilization of a viable human egg with a donor’s sperm outside of the human body has been used for several years, it still requires a mother and a father, as well as implantation of the fertilized egg inside the mother to enable it to grow and survive. However, things are beginning to change.

A group of scientists have used stem cells to create a completely synthetic human embryo without an egg, and without sperm. These fabricated embryos are in the very early stages of development so it’s unknown how far they could continue to viably grow or whether they would even reach a “birth” stage. At present they have not been allowed to develop sufficiently to form a brain or heart. Scientists have agreed not to allow the embryos to grow beyond 14 days, but it’s clearly a step towards something new and different for the human race.

The purpose of this research and experimentation is to help study genetic disorders as well as the causes of miscarriages.

“Our human model is the first three-lineage human embryo model that specifies amnion and germ cells, precursor cells of egg and sperm,” explained team leader Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, biological engineering professor at the University of Cambridge. “It’s beautiful and created entirely from embryonic stem cells.”

The cells are developed to form a yolk sac, placenta, and embryo. With this type of research being such a sensitive area, Professor Zernicka-Goetz gave some clarity on the synthetic embryo. “I just wish to stress that they are not human embryos. They are embryo models, but they are very exciting because they are very looking similar to human embryos and a very important path towards discovering why so many pregnancies fail, as the majority of the pregnancies fail around the time of the development at which we build these embryo-like structures.”

Previously, Zernicka-Goetz and her team have taken mice stem cells and developed them into early embryos that possess the early growth of a brain and a heart.

There is some confusion on whether or not these synthetic embryos should be governed by the same laws that apply to actual human embryos. Clearly, the creation of synthetic human beings as well as the birth of AI, are huge challenges for the future of mankind.